Asthma is a chronic lung condition that causes inflammation and narrowing of the bronchial tubes, making breathing difficult. When exposed to certain triggers, people with asthma experience asthma attacks or flare-ups consisting of coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and tightness in the chest.

Common triggers for asthma attacks include:

  • Environmental Allergens: Pollen, dust mites, pet dander, mold
  • Irritants: Cigarette smoke, strong odors from household cleaners and sprays
  • Weather Changes: Extreme cold or heat, high humidity
  • Exercise: Vigorous physical activity can trigger airway constriction
  • Illnesses: Colds, flu, sinus infections, pneumonia

In Australia, most people with asthma follow a written Asthma Action Plan prescribed by their doctor. This plan outlines daily management and provides steps to take when asthma symptoms worsen. However, if symptoms continue to escalate, emergency first aid using the 4x4x4 rule may be needed before medical help arrives.

Administering Asthma First Aid – The 4x4x4 Rule

If an asthma attack does not improve after following the person’s Asthma Action Plan, the 4x4x4 first aid rule should be followed:

  1. Give 4 separate puffs of a blue reliever inhaler (Airomir, Asmol, Epaq or Ventolin), one puff at a time via a spacer device. Ask them to take 4 breaths from the spacer after each puff.
  2. Wait 4 minutes. If there is no improvement, give 4 more separate puffs of the blue reliever as above.
  3. If still no improvement call 000 for an ambulance immediately and state that the person is having an asthma attack. Continue to repeat step 2 while waiting for the ambulance.
  4. Commence CPR if the person’s asthma attack causes them to stop breathing or lose consciousness while waiting for emergency help.

When providing first aid to someone having an asthma attack, stay calm and don’t leave them alone. Have them sit upright and try to take slow steady breaths. Ask if tight clothing needs to be loosened. Reassure and comfort them until medical help arrives.

It is important to act quickly when standard treatment fails to relieve an asthma attack. The 4x4x4 first aid method ensures repeated doses of reliever medication are provided until emergency medical assistance is available. Performing CPR immediately if breathing stops could save a life. Staying composed and helping the person stay calm can also give them a sense of security during a distressing attack.

While those with asthma learn to manage their condition on a daily basis, severe attacks can still occur suddenly. Understanding how to support someone by administering first aid, seeking emergency help without delay, and staying by their side can go a long way to ensuring positive outcomes until medical care becomes available. Having an asthma first aid plan prepared that outlines these steps can empower everyone to take lifesaving action when it is needed most.